I LOVE new materials!  And the Solar Decathlon, currently on display in Washington, DC, is a great source of innovative materials and systems of construction.

Here are a few I've noted from the various team websites.  

• Extren fiberglass structural members  http://www.strongwell.com/products/pultruded_prod/struc_shapes/index.shtml
• Plexwood for walls, floors, anything really.  Pity it's sourced from Europe.  www.plexwood.com
• Industrial Erector Set from 80/20   www.8020.net
• illumiwall - glowy polycarbonate panels with lighting built in!  http://www.duo-gard.com/illumawall/index.html (also nanogel-filled polycarbonates)
• These vertical bi-fold doors could be used as shutters for weather sensitive locations http://www.bifold.com/
• Many of the schools used hardware (especially sliding door hardware) from Hafele. http://www.hafele.com/us/index.htm  Hafele also has a cool flip-out ironing board.
• BASF Micronal - thermal storage medium in lieu of heavy masonry http://corporate.basf.com/en/stories/wipo/micronal/story.htm?id=V00-HshdyBFBAbcp-Lc (Micronal is incorporated into "smartboard" gypsum panels.)
• "Bone" structure http://www.bonestructure.ca/index2_en.htm
• Vertical gardens (closest thing I could find to the "Green Wall" used by Montreal team.) http://www.verticalgardenpatrickblanc.com/
• Bencore wall panels http://www.octopusproducts.com/products/translucents/Bencore/installs/index.htm, in addition to the myriad awesome products from 3form.
• Kerei Board, made from recycled sorghum.  http://www.octopusproducts.com/products/woods/kirei/samples/index.htm